Instructions for Running SPSS for Windows 

2. If the tutorial window opens, cancel it. To open the file you will work on:

• a. Click on the first icon in the upper left-hand corner of the screen (file folder with arrow). This will open an "Open File" window.
• b. Click on the black triangle that follows the "Look in" window. This opens a list of the directories you have rights to.
• c. Click on "Work on Custis (L:)." Then double click on the "Journalism" folder that will open up in the large window below, then on J203 data, which will cause the names of the data file we are working with, v96j203.sav, to appear.
• d. Double click on one of the file names to open it. A new window, full of numbers as in a spreadsheet, will open with the file name at the top of the screen. (It may take a while for the data to load.)

• a. At the top of your screen, go to "Analyze|Descriptive Statistics|Frequencies." A "Frequencies" window will open up with a vertical list of the variables.
• b. Click on the first variable you want frequencies on (v001 for the introductory exercise).
• c. Click on the arrow in the middle pointing to the empty "Variable(s)" window. The variable name will appear in the "Variable(s)" window.
• d. Repeat b. and c. until all the variables you want frequencies for are listed.
• e. Click on "OK." Although you have several options available through the bars at the bottom of the window, the defaults are fine. A new window will open up with the frequencies dump in it.

• a. Click on "Analyze|Descriptive Statistics|Crosstabs." A "Crosstabs" window similar to the "Frequencies" window opens up.
• b. Using the method in 4, put one variable in the "Rows" window and the other in the "Columns" window. (Your table will print out better if you put v001 in the "Columns" window.)
• c. Click on "Statistics" at the bottom of the window.
• d. Click on "Chi Square."
• e. Click on "Phi and Cramer's V" if you have nominal or on "Kendall's tau" if you have ordinal data. Kendall's tau-b is for square tables; Kendal's tau-c is for rectangular tables.
• f. Click on "Continue," taking you back to the "Crosstabs" window.
• g. Click on "Cells" at the bottom of the window.
• h. Click on "Row," "Column" and "Total" in the "Percentages" box.
• i. Click on "Continue," again taking you back to the "Crosstabs" window.
• j. Click on "OK." Your crosstabs table and related statistics will be added to the Frequencies dump. Note that if you double click on an element you can edit it or delete it. The "Insert" pull-down menu includes a page break.
• k. When printing, make certain no element on the screen is selected. There is no need to save your file.